• Contents
• O'Malley's political interviews
• Padraig O'Malley
• Pre-Transition (1902-1989)
• Transition (1990 - 1994)
• Post-Transition (1994 - 1999)
  • Chronologies
    • 1994
    • 1995
    • 1996
    • 1997
    • 1998
    • 1999
  • Commentary
    • SA 1994 Post-election Cabinet Overview
    • Towards Democracy 1st Quarter 1993
    • Towards Democracy 2nd Quarter 1994
    • Towards Democracy 1996
    • Consider the verdict
      • The Case Against The Liberation Movements
      • The Case Against The Apartheid State
    • South Africa After Apartheid
  • Constitution Making
    • The Making of the Constitution
      • Full House
      • Ops Centre
      • A Very Distant Deadline
      • In the Shadow of the Clock
      • Return to Sharpeville
      • A Body of Law
      • Great Expectations
    • Final Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996
      • Explanatory Memorandum
      • Preamble
      • Chapter 1 - Founding Provisions
      • Chapter 2 - Bill of Rights
      • Chapter 3 - Co-operative Government
      • Chapter 4 - Parliament
      • Chapter 5 - The President and National Executive
      • Chapter 6 - Provinces
      • Chapter 7 - Local Government
      • Chapter 8 - Courts and Administration of Justice
      • Chapter 9 - State Institutions Supporting Constitutional Democracy
      • Chapter 10 - Public Administration
      • Chapter 11 - Security Services
      • Chapter 12 - Traditional Leaders
      • Chapter 13 - Finance
      • Chapter 14 - General Provisions
      • Index
        • Schedule 1 - National Flag
        • Schedule 2 - Oaths and Solemn Affirmations
        • Schedule 3 - Election Procedures
        • Schedule 4 - Functional Areas of Concurrent National and Provincial Legislative Competence
        • Schedule 5 - Functional Areas of Exclusive Provincial Legislative Competence
        • Schedule 6 - Transitional Arrangements
        • Schedule 7 - Laws Repealed
  • Demography and Economy
    • Regional inequality in South Africa: Issues, measurements and policy implications
      • Preface
      • Executive summary
      • 1. Introduction
      • 2. Analysis
      • Part A: Inequality across regions and subregions
      • 3. Analysis
      • 4. Policy implications
      • Part B: Intraregional in-equality
      • 5. Analysis
      • 6. Policy implications
      • 7. Conclusion
    • Growth, Employment And Redistribution - A Macroeconomic Strategy 1996
      • 1 Introduction
      • 2 Critical Considerations: A Framework For Growth
      • 3 Fiscal Policy
      • 4 Monetary And Exchange Rate Policy
      • 5 Trade, Industrial And Small Enterprise Policies
      • 6 Social And Sectoral Policies
      • 7 Public Investment And Asset Restructuring
      • 8 Employment, Wages And Training
      • 9 Towards A National Social Agreement
      • 10 Policy Coordination
      • Appendices
    • RDP - White Paper
    • Statistics
      • Population statistics
      • Age
      • Rural:urban proportion
      • Home language
      • Major population centres
      • Level of education
      • Income
      • Employment and unemployment
      • Crime and violence
      • Basic health indicators
      • Education
      • Poverty
  • Documents and Reports
    • 1996
      • The first hearing on certification: a summary of the judgment of the Constitutional Court 6 September 1996
      • The Bill of Rights
      • Certification of the Constitution: a summary of the judgment of the Constitutional Court 4 December 1996
      • Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR)
    • Chronology of Documents and Reports
  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission
    • Amnesty Applications
      • ANC Applications Heard In Pretoria
    • Amnesty Hearings
      • Assassinations
        • Name: Clive John Derby-Lewis
        • Name: General Johannes Jacobus Viktor
        • Name: Janusz Walus, Clive Derby-Lewis
        • Name: Janusz Walus
        • Name: Mr Clive Derby-Lewis
        • Name: Sathyandranath Ragunanan Maharaj
      • Bisho Massacre
        • Name: Mncedisi Jodwana
        • Names: Mthetheli Crosby Kolela, Bafo Gift Ngqunge, Mabitana Mani
        • Name: Zamile Thomas Gonya
      • Boipatong Massacre
        • Name: Victor Mthandeni Mthembu
        • Name: Vincent Kusahusa Khanyile
        • Name: Mplupeki S Tshabangu
        • Name: Timothy Stals Mazibuko
        • Name: Sonny Michael Mkwanazi
        • Name: Richard Dlamini
        • Name: Paulos Mcikeleni Mbatha
        • Name: Andries Matanzima Nosenga
        • Name: Machihlile Wilson Baloyi - Witness
        • Name: Thabo Johannes Rahantlhane - Witness
        • Name: Miriam Molete - Witness
        • Name: Florence Molete - Witness
        • Name: Anna Mbatha - Witness
        • Ruling
      • Security Council Hearings
        • 14-10-1997
        • 04-12-1997
      • Witness Hearings
        • Armed Forces Hearing
        • Name: Rokaya Salojee
        • Name: Diliza Mthembu
        • Mental Health Workshop
        • Special Hearings - Prisons
    • Submissions
      • ANC
        • African National Congress: Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission - August 1996
          • Executive Summary
          • 1. Preface
          • 2. Introduction
          • 3. The Historical and International Context
          • 4. The National Party, Apartheid and the Anatomy of Repression in South Africa, 1948-1994
          • 5. The ANC: Stages of Struggle and Policy Foundations, 1960-1994
          • 6. Did the ANC Perpetuate any Gross Violations of Human Rights
          • 7. Conclusion: Reconciliation, Reparations and the Challenges for the Future
          • Questions which require the attention of the Commission
        • Further Submissions and Responses by the ANC to Questions raised by the Commission for Truth and Reconciliation - 12 MAY 1997 
        • Transcript of the ANC Party Political Recall in Cape Town: 12-13 May 1997
      • COSATU
        • COSATU Submission to theTruth and Reconciliation Commission
          • 1. Introduction
          • 2. Business and the white minority state
          • 3. The racial workplace
          • 4. Workers organise against apartheid
          • 5. The mining industry, migrant labour and hostels
          • 6. Proposals
          • 7. Conclusion
      • Freedom Front
        • Submission to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission - 19 August 1996
        • Political Party Submissions
      • FXI
        • Chronology Of Some Pointers To The History Of The Media In South Africa
      • NP
        • Submission To The Truth And Reconciliation Commission By Mr F W De Klerk, Leader Of The National Party
        • Second Submission Of The National Party To The Truth And Reconciliation Commission
        • Transcript of the NP Party Political Recall in Cape Town - 14 May 1997
    • TRC Reports
      • Commentary
        • An overview of the conflict - TRC
        • Complaints to Public Protector of TRC Handling of SADF
        • Issues with TRC Findings
        • Period following Mandela's Release - TRC excerpts
        • ANC general proves truth can bring reconciliation
        • Masondo apologises for Seremane's death
        • Patrick Laurence - Focus - 30 June 2003
        • The Truth About The Truth Commission
          • I. Foreword
          • II. Overview
          • III. Introduction
          • IV. Publication Of The Current TRC Report
          • V. The Need For Factual Evidence
          • VI. The Need For Comprehensive Findings
          • VII. The Need For Objective Operation
          • VIII. The Need For Violations To Be Contextualised
          • IX. The Need To Accord With Established Legal Principles
          • X. Findings Based On A 'Balance Of Probabilities'
          • Appendix
          • Bibliography
      • The Report Of The Truth And Reconciliation Commission
        • Summary and Guide to Contents
        • Volume 1
          • Chapter 1: Foreword by Chairperson
          • Chapter 2: Historical Context
          • Chapter 3: Setting up the Commission
          • Chapter 4: The Mandate
          • Chapter 5: Concepts and Principles
          • Chapter 6: Methodology and Process
          • Chapter 7: Legal Challenges
          • Chapter 8: The Destruction of Records
          • Chapter 9: Report of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer
          • Chapter 11: Management and Operational Reports
          • Chapter 12: Regional Office Reports
          • Chapter 13: Chronology of Apartheid Legislation1
        • Volume 2
          • Chapter 1: National Overview
          • Chapter 2: The State outside South Africa between 1960 and 1990
          • Chapter 3: The state inside South Africa between 1960 and 1990
          • Chapter 4: The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990
          • Chapter 5: The Homelands from 1960 to 1990
          • Chapter 6: Special Investigation into the death of President Samora Machel
          • Chapter 7: Political Violence in the Era of Negotiations and Transition, 1990-1994
        • Volume 3
          • Chapter 1: Introduction to Regional Profiles
          • Chapter 2: Regional Profile Eastern Cape
          • Chapter 3: Regional Profile Natal and KwaZulu
          • Chapter 4: Regional Profile Orange Free State
          • Chapter 5: Regional Profile Western Cape
          • Chapter 6: Regional Profile Transvaal
        • Volume 4
          • Chapter 1: Foreword and Context of Institutional and Special Hearings
          • Chapter 2: Institutional Hearing: Business and Labour
          • Chapter 3: Institutional Hearing: The Faith Community
          • Chapter 4: Institutional Hearing: The Legal Community
          • Chapter 5: Institutional Hearing: The Health Sector
          • Chapter 6: Institutional Hearing: The Media
          • Chapter 7: Institutional Hearing: Prisons
          • Chapter 8: Special Hearing: Compulsory Military Service (Conscription)
          • Chapter 9: Special Hearing: Children and Youth
          • Chapter 10: Special Hearing: Women
        • Volume 5
          • Chapter 1: Analysis of Gross Violations of Human Rights
          • Chapter 2: Victims of gross violations of human rights
          • Chapter 3: Interim Report of the Amnesty Committee
          • Chapter 4: Consequences of Gross Violations of Human Rights
          • Chapter 5: Reparation and Rehabilitation Policy
          • Chapter 6: Findings and Conclusions
          • Chapter 7: Causes, Motives and Perspectives of Perpetrators1
          • Chapter 8: Recommendations
          • Chapter 9: Reconciliation
        • Appendices
• Transformation (1999-)
• General Information
• Mac Maharaj

This resource is hosted by the Nelson Mandela Foundation, but was compiled and authored by Padraig O’Malley. It is the product of almost two decades of research and includes analyses, chronologies, historical documents, and interviews from the apartheid and post-apartheid eras.

Education

The inequalities in levels of education (Table 7) are underpinned by inequalities in the provision of school education:

In 1992 44% of black matric candidates passed and in 1993 the success rate declined to 38.5%. Over R27-billion or 21.4% of the 1993/94 Budget was allocated to education. This is 7.3% of the country's gross domestic product.